Which group of words is typically composed of one syllable and often contains a short vowel?

The correct group of words that is typically composed of one syllable and often contains a short vowel aligns well with the idea of short, common everyday words. These words are frequently used in daily communication, making them accessible and easy to understand.

One-syllable words that often feature short vowels include staples of the English language such as "cat," "dog," "run," and "sit." Their simplicity aids in foundational language learning, especially for young learners or those acquiring language skills.

While color words, basic verbs, and compound words may include one-syllable instances, they do not consistently characterize the overall group. For example, color words like "blue" or "green" may contain multiple syllables, and while some basic verbs can be one syllable, others are not. Compound words, by definition, consist of two or more words combined, thereby often exceeding a single syllable. Thus, short, common everyday words represent the most accurate depiction of the grouping described in the question.