What writing system developed by the Sumerians used pictographs around 3000 BC?

The writing system developed by the Sumerians around 3000 BC that utilized pictographs is known as cuneiform. This system began as a series of pictographs that represented objects and concepts and evolved into a complex system of symbols. The Sumerians would press a stylus into wet clay to create these wedge-shaped marks, which is where the term "cuneiform," meaning "wedge-shaped," derives from. Cuneiform was critical in the advancement of writing as it enabled the recording of information, laws, and literature, contributing significantly to the rise of civilizations.

In contrast, hieroglyphics were associated with ancient Egypt and developed later, the alphabet refers to a system of writing that involves letters representing sounds, while the Roman alphabet specifically pertains to the version of the alphabet used in Latin and modern English. None of these systems were developed by the Sumerians or utilized pictographs in the same context or time period as cuneiform.