What type of assessments might include projects and portfolios?

Projects and portfolios are integral components of informal assessments, which focus on evaluating a student's progress and skills in a more holistic manner. Informal assessments are typically more flexible and can capture a wide range of student abilities and learning styles since they often encompass observations, discussions, and the examination of student-created artifacts such as projects or portfolios.

This method allows educators to gather qualitative data about a student's understanding and application of knowledge, rather than relying solely on standardized testing methods. Informal assessments can provide insights into the learning process, creativity, and individual student growth, making them effective tools for gauging students' comprehension and ability to synthesize information creatively and practically.

Criterion-referenced tests, formal assessments, and behavior rating scales primarily focus on standardized measures of performance against set criteria or benchmarks, which may not typically include creative or extended projects as components for assessment.