What is the condition that can lead to temporary or permanent conductive hearing loss in children due to inflammation?

The condition that leads to temporary or permanent conductive hearing loss in children due to inflammation is otitis media. This condition involves the inflammation of the middle ear, often due to an infection. In children, otitis media is particularly common and can cause fluid buildup behind the eardrum, which interferes with sound transmission. If untreated or if it becomes recurrent, it can result in lasting impacts on hearing, language development, and learning.

The other options, while related to language or cognitive processing, do not specifically relate to conductive hearing loss or inflammation in the ear. Aphasia refers to a language disorder affecting production or comprehension of speech, often due to brain injury. Alexia is a reading disorder resulting from brain damage, while hyperlexia refers to advanced reading abilities in young children, which are not connected to hearing loss. Thus, otitis media stands out as the relevant condition linked to conductive hearing loss in children.