What do intelligence tests measure?

Intelligence tests are designed to assess a range of cognitive abilities beyond just verbal skills, which is why the emphasis on measuring both verbal and non-verbal reasoning is central to their purpose. These tests evaluate various aspects of intelligence, including analytical thinking, problem-solving abilities, spatial reasoning, and logical reasoning alongside verbal comprehension. This comprehensive approach allows for a more accurate understanding of an individual's cognitive strengths and weaknesses.

Verbal reasoning evaluates a person's ability to understand and process language, while non-verbal reasoning assesses problem-solving capabilities that do not rely on language, such as pattern recognition and spatial awareness. This dual focus helps identify how individuals think and learn, providing valuable insights into their overall cognitive profile. As a result, option B encapsulates the broader scope of what intelligence tests aim to measure, demonstrating their function as tools for understanding a person's intellectual capabilities in a multi-dimensional way.