In Chall's reading Stage 4, how does reading comprehension compare to listening comprehension for difficult materials?

In Chall's reading Stage 4, also known as the "Reading for Learning" stage, learners are typically able to engage with complex texts and integrate information across various sources. At this stage, reading comprehension tends to equal or surpass listening comprehension when dealing with difficult materials. This is largely due to the enhanced ability of readers to process written information, where they can go back and reread challenging passages, take notes, and annotate, which allows for deeper understanding and analysis.

Unlike listening comprehension, which is often limited to a single instance of auditory input, reading empowers learners to interact with the text at their own pace. They can pause to reflect, clarify confusing concepts, and engage more thoroughly with the content. This stage of reading development reflects a higher level of cognitive engagement and critical thinking, which is essential for the synthesis of information and independent learning. Therefore, the assertion that reading comprehension is equal or better highlights the advantages that proficient readers possess when tackling complex materials compared to listeners.