How do good readers utilize the Top-Down Theory when reading?

Good readers utilizing the Top-Down Theory approach reading by using their prior knowledge and contextual clues to make predictions about the text. This is reflected in the selection of essential textual information while ignoring less critical details. The Top-Down Theory posits that comprehension is built on the reader's expectations and experiences, allowing them to interpret and integrate information efficiently.

By focusing on the most pertinent parts of the text, good readers can quickly construct meaning and make inferences, which enhances overall understanding. This selective attention to what is essential is key to the effectiveness of the reading process in the Top-Down Theory.

In contrast, focusing on every word in the text can hinder comprehension since it may prevent readers from grasping the overall meaning. Following a strict sequence of phonics rules is more aligned with a Bottom-Up approach that emphasizes decoding text rather than understanding it in context. Relying solely on visual cues neglects the importance of prior knowledge and inference-making, which are crucial elements of the Top-Down Theory.